1809-1882

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Charles Darwin Notes

Darwin was an English naturalist. During his voyage on the ship Beagle (1831-1836) Darwin gathered data on the flora and fauna of the lands he visited. His theory of evolution by natural selection was first given written form in 1842. With Herbert Spencer, Darwin's theories gave rise to "Evolutionary Naturalism" in philosophy. Evolutionary naturalism concepts are found also in Hegel's theory of cosmic evolution. Nietzsche's ethics is informed by evolutionary naturalism. Karl Marx adapted the theory and applied it to his work in politics and economics. Evolutionary (philosophical) naturalism believes that there is a cosmic purpose to nature and that all phenomena are explainable by physical laws. A precursor to Darwin's theory of evolution was the French zoologist Lamarck who provided a similar theory in 1809.